In the era of the outbreak of novel coronavirus (CoVID-19) world has been facing a substantial loss of human population and economy. The virus outbreak identified with significant effects on humans in mid-January, and international emergency was declared by the world health organization (WHO) on January 30th, 2020. Although the solution to mitigate against CoVID-19 are yet not discovered. Still, everyone is fighting it as per the guidelines issued by WHO. Further, several measures to be undertaken to avoid the massive spread of the virus have also been published and notified. Presently we are facing one side a big crisis of this widespread disease while on the other side scientists are attempting their best to find the cure/vaccine on CoVID-19. We hope that vaccine will come soon as early as possible. Although, one of the better measurement in the current situation to abate the spread of CoVID-19 is social distancing and proper precautions. However, if everyone keeps following the rules, the economy of each country is at risk while denying the bindings of the rules will results in the uncontrolled spread and subsequently increased number of deceased. Thus, the institutions have certain limits and trying to walk on the edge of the sword. Further, everyone is aware of the economic conditions through which our institutions are suffering from historical data as well in the present.
Presently, the health care system on the verge of collapse due to the increase in the cases. The increased number of cases and services during the lockdown and post lockdown. Whereas the world is adapting to societal operations, many services should also adapt and change. A key role player in mitigating the additional damage to human health is a municipal waste management and wastewater treatment. Likewise, other coronaviruses transmission routes of CoVID-19 are respiratory droplets and direct contact. The person coming in direct contact with the infected person poses a higher possibility of infection. Figure 1 presents the lifespan of Coronavirus -CoV-2 that indicate virus can have sufficient time to transmit while onto the surface. Thus, immediate contact in the environment of the infected or deceased individual serves the path of transmission.
Figure 1 CoV-2 lifespan in the environment
The wastewater and waste produced in an active or asymptomatic
individual may present increased affinity for the virus. Since the lifespan is significant
while the transport of wastes. There are not yet any report on the transmission
of CoVID-19 from the faecal-oral mode. However, the infected cases of CoVID-19 having
diarrhoea shown the fragment of CoVID-19 viral RNA in the faecal matter during
their illness and after recovery also. In concern with the SARS-CoV-2
(CoVID-19) new dimensions must be researched. The track of virus in waste and the
possibility of retransfer into workers and ragpickers. Specifically, developing
countries pose to higher risks as control over the ragpickers and workers
safety is a major challenge. Further, traces in sewage would ultimately reach in
the drinking water sources. Thus, while meeting demands of the health agencies
research need to be progressed in wastewater and waste management to find the
trances and transmissibilities.
Another challenge that we may pose is the rise of other diseases due to primary
attention is on the novel CoVID. These are only the challenges or research demands
that are in concern with wastewater and municipal waste. However, there are
more other challenges that government facing, including the economy, and societal
shifts.